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Objective To find out the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in Harbin and provide scientific evidences for development of countermeasures.Methods The brucellosis surveillance data were collected from the "National Diseases Surveillance Information Management System" and the municipal surveillance results from 2013 to 2017 in Harbin;the place,time and population distribution characteristics of brucellosis were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 2 909 cases of brucellosis were reported in Harbin from 2013 to 2017,and the incidence of brucellosis declined from 5.98 per 100 000 to 4.53 per 100 000,the epidemic situation was mainly sporadic,and an outbreak caused by a live Brucella vaccine (A19 strain) was reported in 2017;all eighteen districts (counties or cities) in Harbin had reported epidemic in the past five years,Shuangcheng,Yilan,Binxian and Bayan had a large number of cases,accounted for 53.76％ (1 564/2 909) of the total number of patients in Harbin;the time of onset focused on March to July,which accounted for 57.17％ (1 663/2 909) of annual incidence;age distribution,mainly young adults aged 30 to 59,accounted for 72.57％ (2 111/2 909);gender distribution predominandy male,accounted for 75.42％ (2 194/2 909);and occupational distribution predominantly farmers,accounted for 86.28％ (2 510/2 909).In the municipal surveillance stations from 2013 to 2017,7 005 cases were surveyed,of which 2 141 cases received serological test,the positive rate was 3.32％ (71/2 141),except 2016,the serum positive rate was decreasing year by year (x2 =13.927,P ＜ 0.05),and the monitoring results of municipal monitoring stations can better reflect the epidemic trend.Conclusions The incidence of brucellosis in Harbin is decreasing year by year.However,the outbreak caused by the new vaccines should be given high attention and we should strengthen prevention and control of the disease.
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Objective In order to accumulate data for the final evaluation and acceptance of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,we investigated the endemic scopes and basic situation of Keshan disease (KD) in Harbin.Methods According to the Criteria for Diagnosis of Keshan Disease (WS/T 210-2011),we conducted clinical survey of KD prevalence in 10 KD endemic counties in Harbin in 2013.2011-2015,we detected and searched for cases in 10 ward counties of Keshan disease.According to the Delimitation and Classification of Keshan Disease Areas and the Evaluation of Endemic Disease Control and Elimination,we determined the regional type,the situation of control and elimination of the disease,at the same time all KD patients were positioned by global positioning system (GPS).Results There were 2 KD endemic counties,12 endemic townships,and 37 KD patients in Harbin.All 12 townships were the light endemic regions of KD.Other townships were conformed to be the history regions with KD.The management index scores of KD reached the elimination requirements which were more than 85 points in every region county (city).Ten region counties got to technical standards for KD elimination.Harbin basically reached the index of KD elimination.The GPS satellite positioning of KD patients were concentrated in the 45.1-45.5 degrees north latitude,and 127.7-128.3 degrees east longitude.Conclusion The regions of KD endemic areas have narrowed down and the prevalence rate has declined significantly in Harbin,which have reached the basic elimination standards of KD by the 12th Five-Year Plan.
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Objective To master the area scope and epidemic situation of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Harbin,and to accumulate data and information for the midterm examination and evaluation of the 12th Five-Year Plan of the National Endemic Disease Prevention and Control.Methods In the original 10 counties (districts,cities) of Harbin with KBD,2 surveys were carried out from 2011 to 2015,5 townships were extracted in each county (district,city),3 villages were extracted in each township,clinical investigation and X-ray examination of 7-12 years old children were carried out;according to the criteria for Diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck Disease,a clinical survey was conducted in 2013 in the 10 counties (districts,cities) with KBD.According to the KBD prevalence and X-ray examination results in each county (district,city),reference to Criteria for Control of Kaschin-Beck Disease Areas,Criteria for Delimitation and Classification of Kaschin-Beck Disease Area,Evaluation Methods for Endemic Diseases Control and Elimination,the types of the disease areas,control and eliminating situation were determined;organization and management of the control and prevention measures were evaluated.Results Currently,there were 10 counties (districts,cities),373 villages,6 969 patients with KBD in Harbin.According to the KBD area division and control standard,369 villages were light KBD areas (prevalence of clinical degrees Ⅰ and above patients or detection rate of 7-12 children by X-ray for local residents ≤ 10％) and 4 villages were medium KBD areas (prevalence of clinical degrees Ⅰ and above patients or detection rate of 7-12 children by Xray for local residents ＞ 10％-≤20％).Clinical census showed that the people under 20 years had no cases with degree Ⅰ and above in each village,X-ray detection rate was 0 in 7-12 years old children,in line with the standards of history KBD areas.There were no clinical KBD cases in 7-12 years old children in all villages of KBD areas,positive detection rate of children by X-ray was 0 in the sampling KBD area villages,in line with the standards of eliminate technical standards of KBD area village.The management index scores of KBD were from 85 to 95 points in every area county (district,city),getting to the eliminating requirement which was more than 85 points.Conclusion The KBD areas have narrowed down and prevalence has declined significantly in Harbin,which has reached the area eliminating standards and the index of basically eliminating KBD proposed by the 12th Five-Year Plan.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonic elastography (UE) in benign and malignant thyroid nodules by Meta analysis. Methods Computer was used to search China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang database, and relevant Chinese articles about UE in assessing diagnostic accuracy of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were collected. According to the diagnostic test criteria recommended by Cochrane Screening and Diagnostic Test Group, the literatures were screened and feature information was included in the study. The quality evaluation tool of diagnostic test accuracy(QUADAS-2) was used to assess the quality of the literatures; Meta analysis was performed with Meta-DiSc 1.4 software, and receiver operating characteristic curve(SROC) was drawn. Results According to the key words, two hundred and thirty-one articles were retrieved initially, and finally 16 articles were included after screening; the quality of five articles was grade A; eight was grade B; and three was grade C. Sixteen articles contained 1 325 patients with 1 641 thyroid nodules. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 [95%confidence interval (CI): 0.84 - 0.89] and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.82 - 0.86), respectively; the pooled positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.85 (95%CI:4.47-7.65) and 0.17(95%CI:0.13 - 0.21), respectively; the area under the curve of SROC was 0.93, standard error(SE) =0.01. Conclusion The results of meta-analysis suggest that UE has high value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.